White House officials won’t yet share publicly what they learned during Friday’s private summit between Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin in Alaska. That information is likely to trickle out this week after an urgent and highly unusual entourage of European leaders descends on Washington for talks with Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymir Zelenskyy. 

But Trump alluded to some likely aspects, including conceding Crimea to Russia and blocking Ukraine’s path to membership in the NATO alliance, writing Sunday evening on social media. 

Summit recap: After talking with Putin, Trump announced he’s dropped his demand for a ceasefire and insisted direct negotiations for a peace agreement were the best way forward. Trump’s main leverage—additional sanctions against Russia and its petroleum customers like India—would likely end peace negotiations and continue the war for at least 12 to 18 months, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on “Face the Nation” from CBS News on Sunday. 

Trump reax: “Because of what happened today, I think I don’t have to think about [further sanctions on Russia] now. I may have to think about it in two weeks or three weeks or something, but we don’t have to think about that right now,” the president told Sean Hannity of Fox shortly after his meeting with Putin. 

Putin’s most consistently-reported demand is full control of Ukraine’s Donetsk oblast, analysts at the Institute for the Study of War write. However, ISW cautions, “Ukrainian forces would not be able to conduct a safe and orderly withdrawal from unoccupied Donetsk Oblast in accordance with Putin’s demand without a full ceasefire across the entire theater.” Thus, “A Ukrainian withdrawal would likely result in large force concentrations along major Ukrainian thoroughfares and defensive structures that Russian aviation, drones, and artillery would likely target upon the expiration of a ceasefire.”

Notable: Without a Ukrainian withdrawal, “Seizing the remainder of Donetsk Oblast would likely be a difficult and years-long effort for Russian forces rather than a quick effort as Putin likely aims to portray, as Russian forces remain unable to secure operationally significant advances or advance faster than foot pace,” ISW writes. 

Also worth noting: Putin’s reported “offer of a Russian law forbidding a future invasion of Ukraine is not credible because Russia has already twice broken previous binding international commitments not to invade and because Putin has shown that he can freely change Russian law as he desires,” ISW warned Sunday. 

Visiting Washington today: European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen, French president Emmanuel Macron, Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni, German chancellor Friedrich Merz, NATO chief Mark Rutte, British prime minister Keir Starmer, and Finnish president Alexander Stubb.

Second opinions: All that transatlantic travel “suggests that something went very wrong in Alaska if this many European leaders are coming to Washington on short notice,” former Naval War College professor Tom Nichols wrote on social media. 

No cards for Trump? “No wonder all of Trump’s negotiating deadlines for Russia have passed, to no effect, and no wonder the invitation to Anchorage produced no result,” Anne Applebaum writes for The Atlantic. “Trump, to use the language he once hurled at Zelensky, has no cards.” 

View from London: “With Russia’s economy on the ropes, Trump remains bafflingly unwilling to apply the maximum economic pressure on Russia that would mean summits like those held yesterday are more likely to yield the success Donald Trump craves,” said Tom Keatinge, Director of the Centre for Finance and Security at the London-based Royal United Services Institute.

“Putin may have successfully neutralised the idea of a ceasefire by hinting at a broader deal he knows will take time to negotiate,” said RUSI’s Matthew Savill. “If Putin cannot bait Trump into a further round of bilateral strategic summits, he will be content if Trump grows tired of the whole thing and effectively walks away,” said RUSI’s Director of International Security Neil Melvin.

Washington reax: “Putin got everything he wanted: a photo op legitimizing his war crimes, no ceasefire, and no sanctions or new weapons for Ukraine,” said Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy of the Foreign Relations Committee. 

Murphy’s SFR colleague Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire: “Trump promised to end this war on Day One and instead he has let Putin cross one red line after another with impunity. No deal is better than a bad deal,” Shaheen said in a statement. “Trump’s continued reluctance to hold Putin to account means that Ukrainians will continue to die, Putin continues to act without consequences and our deterrence against would-be aggressors in Beijing is weakened.”

Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham says the war could be over by Christmas. “If in fact there is a trilateral meeting between President Trump, President Zelensky and Putin, then I am cautiously optimistic that this war will end well before Christmas,” the South Carolina lawmaker mused this weekend. “If that meeting fails to materialize, I think President Trump may have to go all in to punish those who buy cheap Russian oil and gas, propping up Putin’s war machine,” he said. 

Senate Armed Services Committee ranking member Jack Reed, D-Rhode Island: “Validating [Putin’s] illegal landgrab in Ukraine and legitimizing Russia’s invasion would be a bad precedent that sets the stage for future conflict. Instead of caving to Putin, the U.S. should join our allies in levying tough, targeted new sanctions on Russia to intensify the economic pressure…Trump must not abandon the Ukrainian people and cater to Russian aggressors, or it will only embolden America’s adversaries and invite more aggression.”

Latest from Ukraine: Russian strikes overnight killed seven Ukrainians in Kharkiv, “the youngest being a girl who is only a year and a half old, and dozens have been injured, including children,” President Zelenskyy said on social media Monday. Elsewhere “In Zaporizhzhia, missile strikes injured 20 people and killed three,” he added, calling the actions “a demonstrative and cynical Russian strike” because “They are aware that a meeting is taking place today in Washington that will address the end of the war.”

For the DC insider: There is a “Tiny White House Club Making Major National-Security Decisions,” veteran reporters Missy Ryan, Jonathan Lemire, Nancy Youssef, and Michael Scherer wrote Friday for The Atlantic. The “core” team includes Vice President JD Vance, Marco Rubio, and Susan Wiles, while “Stephen Miller plays a key role on issues related to homeland security,” and real estate billionaire Steve Witkoff watches issues affecting Russia and Israel. Meanwhile, “on military matters, the president pulls in [Pete] Hegseth and General Dan Caine, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.”

The perks: “The more centralized setup allows Trump’s impulses—his disregard for historic alliances, his love of dealmaking, and his focus on perceived abuses of American largesse—to drive U.S. policy.” 

The downside: “By discarding a process designed to surface different views and analyze moves from all sides, [Trump] has increased the risk of unintended consequences.” Read the rest (gift link), here. 

Related reading: 

• “Government papers found in an Alaskan hotel reveal new details of Trump-Putin summit,” NPR reported Saturday; 
• “Trump Administration Minimizes Summit Papers Left in Hotel,” the New York Times reported Sunday; 
• “Ukrainians Who Fled War Are Losing Their Legal Status to Stay in the U.S.,” the Wall Street Journal reported Thursday; 
• And in additional commentary, “The Trump-Putin summit wasn’t a disaster, but it was a U.S. defeat,” Max Boot wrote for the Washington Post on Saturday. 

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Welcome to this Monday edition of The D Brief, a newsletter dedicated to developments affecting the future of U.S. national security, brought to you by Ben Watson with Bradley Peniston. Share your tips and feedback here. And if you’re not already subscribed, you can do that here. On this day in 1965, some 5,000 Marines assaulted a Viet Cong base in Operation Starlite, the U.S. military’s first large offensive action of the Vietnam War.

Trump 2.0

Update: The National Guard will carry weapons while deployed in the nation’s capital over the next several weeks, the Wall Street Journal reported Saturday, two days after the Army had announced the troops’ weapons would “remain in the armory” unless or until needed. 

Rewind: Trump ordered the troops to Washington ostensibly to tame Washington’s allegedly out-of-control crime, according to Trump—though actual crime in the city is at its lowest point in decades.

Historian’s reax: “Under the guise of fighting crime, the administration has quite literally turned guns on the American people,” observed Heather Cox Richardson of Boston College, writing Sunday.  

Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Connecticut: “Trump’s takeover of DC policing is just a stunt to distract people (and the press!) from his refusal to release the Epstein files and his upcoming massive health insurance premium hikes,” he told NBC on Sunday. 

ICYMI: “This is not what the military of our country was designed to do, at all,” said one soldier assigned to protect federal agents in California two months ago, speaking to Shawn Hubler of the New York Times in mid-July. “The moral injuries of this operation, I think, will be enduring,” they predicted of the allegedly heavy-handed military response just before summer began. 

Mapped: See where Trump’s forces are patrolling inside Washington, D.C., via this interactive from the Washington Post. Peter Baker of the New York Times writes, “Spoiler alert: They’re not where the crime is.”

New: The Republican governors of Ohio, West Virginia, and South Carolina say they’re sending hundreds more National Guard troops to D.C. “West Virginia said it was deploying 300 to 400 Guard troops, while South Carolina pledged 200 and Ohio says it will send 150 in the coming days, marking a significant escalation of the federal intervention,” the Associated Press reported, and called the deployments “a power play that the president has justified as an emergency response to crime and homelessness, even though city officials have noted that violent crime is lower than it was during Trump’s first term in office.” 

• By the way: A combined 43 cities in those three states have higher rates of violent crime than Washington, D.C., as Philip Bump illustrated Saturday with data from the FBI. 

Update: The man charged with assaulting a Border Patrol agent with a sandwich is an Air Force veteran, reports Military-dot-com. Sean Charles Dunn, 37, who was charged with a felony and arrested Wednesday after allegedly throwing a Subway sandwich was once an active-duty staff sergeant, a cyber transport systems specialist who entered the service in July 2006 and separated in May 2011. A bit more, here.

And in hoagie-hurler jokes: “Federal agent assaulted by sandwich admitted to Mayo Clinic.” (h/t @XBradTC)

ICE industrial complex update: The Washington Post obtained White House plans to double what is already expected to be “the largest immigrant detention system in the world” here in the U.S.—with a capacity of around 107,000 people with 125 new or expanded detention camps this calendar year. “The expansion is funded by an unprecedented $45 billion detention budget approved last month by Congress,” and largely spread across Texas, Louisiana, California and Georgia.

Notable: “Geo Group, ICE’s largest contractor and a company with close ties to the Trump administration, is in line to receive at least nine new or modified detention contracts with a total estimated value of over $500 million a year, the documents show…CoreCivic, the other largest private prison operator, would receive at least 12 contracts worth more than $500 million a year under the ICE plan—also roughly doubling that company’s annual revenue from ICE.”

Also: “The government is also planning to dramatically expand its capacity for detaining parents and children in what could amount to the nation’s largest family detention program in decades,” the Post adds. Read on, here. 

Related reading: 

• “Companies With No Detention Experience Want to Run Trump’s ICE Camps,” Bloomberg reported Friday; 
• “Trump administration weighing refugee cap of 40,000 with focus on white South Africans,” Reuters reported Friday; 
• “Pentagon readies new battery strategy amid growing drone demands,” Defense One’s Lauren C. Williams reported Monday; 
• “Trump aims to foster space industry by cutting environmental regulation,” Defense One’s Audrey Decker reported Friday; 
• “Hijacked satellites and orbiting space weapons: In the 21st century, space is the new battlefield,” the Associated Press reported Monday; 
• And ICYMI, “Connecticut [Congressional] Delegation Call[s] For Serious Investment In Coast Guard Academy Facilities,” the office of Sen. Chris Murphy announced Thursday.

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President Trump’s military takeover of America’s capital city means troops are tasked with “area beautification” and “monument security,” Pentagon spokeswoman Kingsley Wilson told reporters Thursday. 

The deployment of some 800 Air and Army National Guardsmen is intended to help the city’s temporarily federalized police with “monument security, community safety patrols, protecting federal facilities and officers, traffic control posts and area beautification,” Wilson said. That includes presence on the National Mall, though Wilson did not answer questions about the specific crimes the Trump administration believes need to be stamped out near the monuments and museums, Defense One’s Meghann Myers reports. 

“They will remain until law and order has been restored in the district, as determined by the president, standing as the gatekeepers of our great nation’s capital,” Wilson said. But she did not say how the restoration of law and order would be measured. 

Reminder: Trump offered false and exaggerated crime statistics to justify his action in a Monday press conference announcing the Guard deployment and his takeover of the D.C. police. 

Commentary: “How to Truly Keep Washington, DC Safe,” according to Donnell Harvin, former Chief of Homeland Security and Intelligence for the District of Columbia, writing Friday for Just Security. Instead of turning to a militarized police state, “What does work, based on extensive research, are summer youth employment programs (SYEPs), especially when paired with mentoring,” Harvin says. Consider, he writes, that “In Chicago, a six-week summer jobs program reduced participants’ violent-crime arrests by roughly one-third over the following year; in New York City, SYEP participation lowered the chance of any arrest during the program summer by 17% and felony convictions by 38% (see research results here, here, and here).” 

And for those living on the streets or in tent communities, “The U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) and HUD have repeatedly demonstrated that strong housing programs and permanent supportive housing dramatically improve housing stability and reduce costly crisis service use.”

“The intelligence analyst inside of me says that there is a more strategic game afoot,” Harvin warns, and suggests, “In my best assessment, the takeover of the DC police provides the administration with the administrative and operational blueprint and legal precedent for rapidly responding to major political demonstrations or civil unrest in DC that are likely to materialize in the future.” 

It’s a plausible framing of recent events for Defense Department operations under Trump, a president unafraid of politicizing the military (see the Associated Press and Washington Post’s editorial board, e.g.) while rolling out numerous policies intimidating or removing countless minorities nationwide.

Consider as well: Under Trump, the Army removed its chief public affairs officer after just one year on the job, (see the service’s blank webpage here) and is replacing Brig. Gen. Amanda Azubuike with a civilian—Rebecca Hodson, “a veteran of Republican campaign finance in North Carolina,” Military-dot-com reported two weeks ago. 

The Navy is poised to follow suit, with its chief information officer, Rear Adm. Ryan Perry, expected to retire soon—his three-year tenure expired early last month—and no one has yet been tapped to fill the post though it could still happen. 

One lingering consideration: Does it even matter who handles public affairs for these services? Some would argue it does not. After all, “[W]hile officers like Perry and Azubuike are often billed as the top spokespeople for their respective services, leaders in their posts actually spend very little of their time dealing with questions from reporters or drafting statements,” Military-dot-com wrote in late July. 

Related reading: 

• “Army to reclassify 22,000 airborne jobs, ending jump pay for many paratroopers,” Stars and Stripes reported Wednesday; 
• “Army poised to expand role in homeland defense, commander says,” Army Times reported Thursday; 
• “4 out of 5 US troops surveyed understand the duty to disobey illegal orders,” The Conversation reported Wednesday; 
• And the latest from the nation’s capital, “D.C. Files Lawsuit Challenging Administration’s Police Takeover,” the New York Times reported Friday. 

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Welcome to this Friday edition of The D Brief, a newsletter dedicated to developments affecting the future of U.S. national security, brought to you by Ben Watson and Bradley Peniston. Share your tips and feedback here. And if you’re not already subscribed, you can do that here. On this day in 2021, Afghanistan’s president fled the country as Taliban fighters flooded Kabul and took control of the capital city. 

Industry

China is working on reusable rockets—and a strategic leap in space power. “On May 29, the Yuanxingzhe-1 suborbital rocket took off from a platform in the Yellow Sea, carrying with it not just the hopes of its maker—a Chinese commercial launch firm called Space Epoch—but also the prospects for China’s next phase in its space power,” write Peter W. Singer and Alex Nova in the latest edition of The China Intelligence column. 

“The 64-meter rocket came to a hover about 2.5 km up, then landed vertically at the Oriental Spaceport in Haiyang, Shandong, marking the first known successful maritime vertical takeoff and vertical landing by a Chinese rocket company. The test flight drew far less international coverage than, say, the pioneering SpaceX flights that preceded it. But it underscores China’s rapidly accelerating efforts to master reusable rocket technology.” Read on, here. 

Related reading: 

• “SpaceX Gets Billions From the Government. It Gives Little to Nothing Back in Taxes,” reports the New York Times, adding:“In 2020, federal contracts generated almost 84 percent of the rocket maker’s revenue, according to the documents, a figure that had not been previously reported.”

New Golden Dome details emerge from industry day. Automation and AI ideas—including an “AI-Enabled Fire Control Concept”—were a central feature of the Pentagon’s presentations to defense-industry representatives at a closed-door but unclassified meeting held last week in Huntsville, Alabama. AI is expected to help network a wider variety of radars and missile batteries, and may enable the tracking of far more missiles than is possible today, reports Defense One’s Patrick Tucker, who obtained a copy of the briefing slides presented during the meeting.

Other discussions concerned the satellite weapons that Pentagon leaders want to invent for the sprawling air-and-missile-defense program. “If you want to test a space-based interceptor, you don’t have to necessarily launch it into orbit and then test it there. You could do suborbital testing of your kill vehicle with much cheaper launch costs and a much faster schedule,” said one attendee.

The curtain of secrecy around discussions renewed questions about the controversial program. Experts have cast doubt on the administration’s claims about the system’s timeline, projected cost, practicality, and effect on deterrence. “‘Golden Dome’ probably sounded good to the president, and now no one is going to talk him out of it—especially given that the administration is willing to throw mountains of money at such a program, just as Reagan did,” Tom Nichols wrote in The Atlantic. “Hegseth can order his people not to talk about it at public gatherings, but at some point, the administration should answer the two most important questions about an expensive system that could destabilize nuclear deterrence: What is Golden Dome supposed to do, and does it have any chance of working?”

Additional reading: 

• Yemeni forces intercepted Houthi-bound weapons, including “drones, jet propulsion systems, wireless devices, and advanced control components,” CENTCOM said in a Thursday press release.
• “Turkey to help Syria with weapon systems, equipment under new accord” that gives more substance to Ankara’s efforts to help the new Syrian government, Reuters reports.

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Pentagon officials had few details to offer Wednesday about the National Guard’s role in the unprecedented deployment.

How an Alaskan military base is preparing for Trump-Putin meeting. President Trump is set to host Russia’s Vladimir Putin tomorrow at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, just north of Anchorage. The joint Air Force-Army base, which today supports F-22 Raptors, historically has been used to counter the Soviet Union and launch intercepts of Russian and Chinese aircraft. 

The location begs questions about the logistics of securing the site. Base officials declined to answer any of them, deferred questions about preparation for the visit to the White House, which declined to provide further information, citing operational security. 

But former Air Force officials said that with appropriate precautions, the base is well-suited to host the event. Ravi Chaudhary, a former assistant Air Force secretary for installations, echoed confidence that the base will be able to deliver a secure environment, though he expressed concern over the administration’s problems with security protocols. Defense One’s Audrey Decker has more, here. 

Update: For the first time, European military industries are now contributing more for Ukraine than their U.S. counterparts, Defense News reported Wednesday citing new data from the German Kiel Institute for the World Economy. According to the latest figures, Europe has now contributed about $5 billion more than the U.S. going back to February 2022, when Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. 

Other notable takeaways: 

• The U.S. remains the single-largest provider of infantry fighting vehicles, howitzers, multiple launch rocket systems, and air defense systems; 
• Poland has provided Ukraine with the most tanks (354); 
• Also: “many of the weapons now going to Ukraine come straight from the military-industrial output of the sending countries, rather than from preexisting stockpiles,” Defense News writes. Read more, here. 

For this week’s recommended #LongRead, we suggest author Kevin Maurer’s extended meditation on the Army’s Best Ranger Competition, aka the “Ranger Olympics,” with an accompanying photospread by Kendrick Brinson for The Atlantic (gift link). 

Maurer’s probably been to Afghanistan more times than you, and he co-wrote the first account of the bin Laden raid, “No Easy Day,” so he’s learned a bit about America’s special operations forces over the course of his two decades of coverage. Leveraging that deep background, this week he turned in an occasionally-ruminating account of what his Atlantic editors suggest “may be the hardest physical competition in the world.” (Note: Some ultra-endurance expedition races like this, e.g., would certainly come close, if not exceed the cumulative demands on the body and team. We recommend you read Maurer’s account and decide for yourself.) 

A quick summary: “Over the course of three days,” 52 teams of two soldiers each “march and run dozens of miles, crawl through obstacle courses, and navigate swamps at night. They carry 50 pounds in their rucksacks, climb 60-foot ropes, and sleep, at most, for four hours at a time.” Only 16 teams made it to the competition’s third and final day.

One notable wrinkle: “[A]mong the 104 soldiers on the starting line at Fort Benning was a 25-year-old first lieutenant named Gabrielle White, a West Point graduate who was the first woman to compete for the Best Ranger title; and in part because, to her opponents on the course, the fact that she was a woman did not seem to matter,” Maurer writes, and added, “The only thing that mattered to the Rangers I met was that she had qualified for the competition.”

So who came out on top? Spoiler alert: “Both look[ed], a bit disconcertingly, like action figures,” Maurer writes. Read on to find out. 

Additional reading: 

• “For Booz Allen, 2025 is the year of the ‘pivot,’” Defense One’s Lauren C. Williams reported Wednesday after spending some time with Andrea Inserra, president of Boox Allen Hamilton’s global defense business;
• And “F-15 Ride-Along Passenger Accidentally Ejects While On The Ground,” The War Zone reported Thursday. 

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Welcome to this Thursday edition of The D Brief, a newsletter dedicated to developments affecting the future of U.S. national security, brought to you by Ben Watson with Bradley Peniston. Share your tips and feedback here. And if you’re not already subscribed, you can do that here. On this day two years ago, Donald Trump was indicted for the fourth time in 2023 when he and 18 others were charged in Georgia for attempting to overturn the state’s results in the 2020 election.

Trump 2.0

National defense strategy check-in: As National Guardsmen are sent for a second time in recent months to a U.S. city whose local leaders made no requests for their support, we may be seeing the Trump administration’s new national defense strategy play out in unprecedented ways ill-matched to military capabilities, Defense One’s Meghann Myers reported Wednesday. 

Currently, the administration is operating under an interim NDS that is “focused on defending the homeland,” with China and the Indo-Pacific a lower priority, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth told the Senate Appropriations Committee in June. The interim NDS, which is classified, was finalized in March. An unclassified version exists but has not been released to the public—another change from the Biden administration, which published unclassified versions of both the interim and final NDS.

But civilian and uniformed Pentagon officials have said publicly that this administration is prioritizing the geographical U.S. in its national security policy, a departure from recent administrations that have described conflict with China in the Indo-Pacific or terrorism in the Middle East as the biggest threats to America. “I think we’re learning in real-time what that means,” Mark Cancian, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International studies, told Defense One.

Big picture: What’s now playing out is the administration’s interpretation of domestic defense, Myers reports. Continue reading, here. 

A second opinion: “[T]oday, general officers no longer seem to see themselves as guardians of the constitutional order,” warn former White House National Security Council members Steven Simon and Jonathan Stevenson, writing Wednesday for the New York Times.

Consulting history, author Garrett Graff combed through the many statements of German exiles and refugees who fled the country during the march of fascism in the 1930s. His retrospective, gleaned during research for his newest book, “The Devil Reached Toward the Sky: An Oral History of the Making and Unleashing of the Atomic Bomb,” at times reflects similar questioning contemporary officials and scholars may find themselves pondering—including questions like, “When should we resign? Now? Maybe it’s not bad enough yet? But when?”

Related reading: “Trump Has a New Definition of Human Rights,” historian Anne Applebaum writes for The Atlantic in response to new reports from Trump’s State Department. Topline read: The State Department’s revised reports “contain harsh and surprising assessments of democratic U.S. allies, including the U.K., Romania, Germany, and Brazil, and softer depictions of some dictatorships and other countries favored by Trump or his entourage,” like El Salvador and Israel, Applebaum writes. 

“The State Department’s motivation is not hard to guess,” says Applebaum. “Because the Trump administration is sending prisoners to El Salvador, the department massaged the report to avoid the glaring truth: The U.S. is endangering people by sending them to Salvadoran prisons.” More, here.  

Foreign aid update: The White House can continue withholding congressionally-appropriated funds, for now. A federal appeals court ruled 2-1 Wednesday (PDF) that the Trump administration can decline to disperse billions in foreign aid earmarked by Congress, including $10 billion for global health programs through 2028. 

One catch: “[T]he panel of judges did not rule on whether the terminations of funds appropriated by Congress were constitutional,” NPR reports. 

Said an attorney for those suing the administration: “[O]ur lawsuit will continue regardless as we seek permanent relief from the Administration’s unlawful termination of the vast majority of foreign assistance. In the meantime, countless people will suffer disease, starvation, and death from the Administration’s unconscionable decision to withhold life-saving aid from the world’s most vulnerable people.” More, here. 

Deportation nation update: Recruitment meme edition. Dozens of memes used by White House social media accounts appear designed “to normalize mass deportation and Christian nationalist narratives,” experts told WIRED, reporting Tuesday. 

And “DHS is recruiting using a not-so-subtle reference to a 1978 book from white nationalist William Gayley Simpson,” observed researcher Hannah Gais of the Southern Poverty Law Center, writing Tuesday on social media. 

Additional reading: 

• “GSA introduces USAi.Gov to streamline AI adoption across government,” Nextgov reported Thursday; 
• “Trump Bureau of Labor Statistics nominee was a ‘bystander’ outside Capitol on Jan. 6, White House says,” NBC News reported Wednesday; 
• “CDC shooting marks latest in a string of hostility directed at health workers. Many aren’t surprised,” the Associated Press reported Wednesday; 
• “America’s global classroom is emptying,” Quartz reported Wednesday; 
• And “US national debt reaches a record $37 trillion,” AP reported Wednesday. 

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