When Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif signed the Saudi-Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) in September 2025, the moment was framed as a watershed in Pakistan-Gulf relations. The agreement formalized decades of de facto security cooperation between the two capitals that have long behaved more like brothers than ordinary bilateral partners. It also arrived at a … Read more
The post Pakistan’s Strategic Ambiguity on the Saudi Defence Pact: An Old Pattern Returns first appeared on Quwa.