Amid Tariff Rift, India-US Military Exercise Begins In Alaska With Focus On High-Altitude And Counter-Drone Warfare

The 21st edition of the India–United States joint military exercise Yudh Abhyas commenced on 1 September at Fort Wainwright, Alaska, and is scheduled to continue until 14 September 2025.Considered one of the most significant annual bilateral drills, the exercise brings together more than 450 Indian soldiers and their US counterparts to train in one of the most challenging environments in the

September 2, 2025
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1965 Cryptanalysis Training Workbook Released by the NSA

In the early 1960s, National Security Agency cryptanalyst and cryptanalysis instructor Lambros D. Callimahos coined the term “Stethoscope” to describe a diagnostic computer program used to unravel the internal structure of pre-computer ciphertexts. The term appears in the newly declassified September 1965 document Cryptanalytic Diagnosis with the Aid of a Computer, which compiled 147 listings from this tool for Callimahos’s course, CA-400: NSA Intensive Study Program in General Cryptanalysis.

The listings in the report are printouts from the Stethoscope program, run on the NSA’s Bogart computer, showing statistical and structural data extracted from encrypted messages, but the encrypted messages themselves are not included. They were used in NSA training programs to teach analysts how to interpret ciphertext behavior without seeing the original message…

September 2, 2025
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