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Serious and organised crime remains a major threat to EU security. While precise statistics are lacking – both globally and at EU level – revenues generated by organised crime are substantial.
The 2022 energy crisis, which followed Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, brought multiple challenges relating to energy security and affordability.
The allocation of prudential capital (also known as ‘own funds’) is an essential component of the asset-liability management of credit institutions to prevent insolvency.
Every year, about €1 trillion is collected in the EU in VAT revenue alone, making it the third-highest tax revenue raiser in the EU on average, behind social contributions and the personal income tax.
Urban wastewater carries a range of organic and inorganic substances, as well as dissolved and suspended solids.
This note gathers links to recent publications and commentaries from many international think tanks on European defence, security and foreign policies. It includes only the most recent papers related to Ukraine.
Russia was the leading supplier of natural gas, oil and coal to the EU in 2020 and 2021. Many Member States are historically dependent on fossil fuel supplies from Russia, which controlled a lot of the oil and gas pipeline infrastructure serving EU markets.
On 24 February 2022, Russia unleashed an undeclared war against Ukraine, a country it had invaded and partially occupied in 2014.
Since Russia launched its unprovoked war against Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the US has worked in lockstep with allies and partners, notably the EU and other G7 countries, towards a strong collective response, including several packages of economic sanctions against Russia, aimed at cutting the country off from technologies and financial sources that fuel its war, directly impacting the individuals and entities involved.
This note gathers links to the recent publications and commentaries from many international think tanks on Russia’s war on Ukraine.