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Developing a nuclear submarine ranks among the most formidable engineering feats, comparable in complexity to jet engine development due to the exigencies of a compact nuclear reactor that must function impeccably beneath the waves.This miniaturised power plant demands highly enriched uranium fuel for space efficiency, stringent quietness to evade detection, and self-sufficiency for crew
India’s Andhra Pradesh coastline, spanning a remarkable 974 kilometres from Srikakulam in the north to Nellore in the south, has recently been identified as a treasure trove of rare and valuable minerals, according to a report by TOI. Geological assessments and official reports highlight significant deposits of monazite embedded in beach sands, alongside other critical minerals such as
The Indian Navy’s fourth nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, codenamed S4*, marks a significant milestone in India’s strategic underwater capabilities, with recent reports confirming its indigenous content exceeds 80 per cent.Launched on 16 October 2024 at the secretive Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam, the S4* is currently undergoing fitting-out before sea trials commence,
The Advanced Technology Vessel Project (ATVP) under India’s nuclear submarine program has initiated construction of the first two units of the S5-class SSBNs, marking a pivotal advancement in the nation’s sea-based nuclear deterrence.These submarines boast a displacement of approximately 13,500 tonnes submerged, rendering them roughly twice the size of the Arihant-class vessels, which displace
India’s recent successful test of the K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) from INS Arighaat has elicited sharp reactions from Pakistan’s strategic security circles.Conducted off Visakhapatnam in the Bay of Bengal around 23-24 December 2025, this marks the second trial from the vessel following an initial launch in November 2024.The K-4, with its 3,500 km range, significantly extends
India plans to deploy at least five indigenously designed and developed small modular reactors (SMRs) by 2033 as part of its ambitious Nuclear Energy Mission. This initiative underscores the nation’s push towards self-reliance in nuclear technology, aligning with broader indigenisation goals in strategic sectors.In a recent written reply to the Lok Sabha, Union Minister Jitendra Singh highlighted
The Indian Navy is set to commission INS Aridhaman, its third indigenously designed and built nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), which is poised to significantly enhance India’s sea-based nuclear deterrence and second-strike capabilities.INS Aridhaman (SSBN 82) is an advanced variant of the Arihant-class submarines, larger in size and weight, with a displacement of around 7,000
China has successfully unveiled the world’s largest cargo ship powered by a thorium-based molten salt reactor, marking a significant leap in maritime nuclear propulsion technology.The vessel, reported to carry around 14,000 standard shipping containers, represents a technological feat that could redefine global shipping logistics through cleaner, safer, and more compact nuclear systems.According
India’s Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is embarking on a pioneering
initiative to develop two advanced nuclear reactor models rated at 55 MW and
200 MW. While these compact reactors are designed primarily for captive power
generation in energy-intensive industrial sectors such as cement and steel,
their size, thermal efficiency, and modular configuration make them
Prototype 83 MW pressurised light-water reactor at Madras Atomic Power Station, KalpakkamIndia is advancing its nuclear energy ambitions by developing compact 200MW nuclear power reactors capable of powering both commercial ships and captive power plants. These innovative systems, known as Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR), are being designed by scientists at the Bhabha Atomic