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The European Peace Facility (EPF), an off-budget instrument made up of yearly contributions from Member States in proportion to their gross national income, initially had a financial ceiling of €5.7 billion (in 2021 prices, or €5 billion in 2018 prices) for 2021-2027. The EPF was set up by Council Decision (CFSP) 2021/509 of 22 March 2021 and entered into force on the same day.
Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk in the EU, causing chronic disease and premature mortality.
Hydrogen is expected to play a key role in a climate-neutral economy, acting as a feedstock, fuel or energy carrier.
This briefing analyses the current situation of women’s rights in Afghanistan, taking a long view. Women’s rights have been an intense battleground between different actors for over a century, with periods of promising reforms followed by resistance and often reversals of progress.
While more and more public services have become digital and Member States have voluntarily worked towards cross-border interoperability, the level of interoperability of network and information systems supporting digital public services in the EU is still insufficient.
Most goods require packaging at several stages of their product life. Packaging is defined in the current Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (PPWD – Directive 94/62/EC) as ‘products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer’.
EU integration represents an inspiring example of conflict resolution: a cross-border peace project aimed at reconciliation between past enemies and based on cooperation and mutual understanding
According to a 2021 recommendation by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), international cooperation in science and technology qualifies as bilateral and multilateral cooperation to advance knowledge through basic and applied research, with the involvement of a wide range of research and innovation (R&I) players as well as governments.
The gradual phasing-out of checks at internal borders within the EU was accompanied and preconditioned by the strengthening of the EU’s external borders.
This note gathers links to the recent publications and commentaries from many international think tanks on artificial Intelligence.