The future European security architecture: Dilemmas for EU strategic autonomy
This study first analyses the existing European security architecture, as it has emerged since World War II.
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This study first analyses the existing European security architecture, as it has emerged since World War II.
Most IT leaders believe generative AI will increase the cost of their security tools, according to Sophos research. But, by the looks of cyber crime forums, hackers are barely using AI.
In the context of the war in Ukraine, the increasingly global effects – material and political – of war make measuring a view of the level of threats to peace, security and democracy around the world all the more important.
This analysis looks at the future of the EU and Ukraine, using a time horizon of 2035. It was launched in June 2022 as a Strategic Foresight Conversation, a few months after the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022.
With war having returned to the European continent, measuring the level of threats to peace, security and democracy around the world – as the ‘Normandy Index’ does – is more important than ever.
The democratic information sphere has undergone a rapid and profound evolution over the course of the past two decades.
The pandemic, the war in Ukraine and related supply shocks have tested Europe’s economic resilience and simultaneously increased the pressure to respond to critical challenges.
The hardening geopolitical environment, rising protectionism and the pandemic have led to increased prominence of the debate on decoupling supply chains in order to increase their resilience.
The World Health Organization (WHO) describes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as the ability of a microorganism (for instance a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a protozoon) to survive in the presence of a medicine designed to inhibit or kill it.
Excessive emitting of greenhouse gases from human economic activity into the atmosphere is causing global warming, with Europe warming faster than any other continent, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).